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International regulations for
preventing collisions at sea (1972)
Rule 4
Application
Rules in this section apply in any condition
of visibility.
Rule 5
Look-out
Every vessel shall at all times maintain a
proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means
appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full
appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.
Rule 6
Safe speed
Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a
safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision
and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and
conditions. In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among
those taken into account:
(a) By all vessels:
(i) the state of visibility.
(ii) the traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any
other vessels;
(iii) the manoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to stopping
distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions;
(iv) at night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from
back scatter of her own lights;
(v) the state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational
hazards;
(vi) the draught in relation to the available depth of water.
(b) Additionally, by vessels with operational
radar:
(i) the characteristics, efficiency and
limitations of the radar equipment;
(ii) any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use;
(iii) the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources
of interference;
(iv) the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not
be detected by radar at an adequate range;
(v) the number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar;
(vi) the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar
is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.
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